38905768. Philippe II Augustus , King of France
Philip Augustus, born Aug. 21, 1165. Louis had him crowned at Reims in 1179 but, already stricken with paralysis, Louis was not able to be present at the ceremonies, and he died in 1180. The illness and death of his father at once threw the responsibility of government on him, and he was soon sole King. He married 1st, April 28, 1180, Isabella of Hainault. She died in 1189/90. He married then Ingeborg, daughter of Valdemar, King of Denmark, and later, in defiance of the Pope, who had refused to nullify his marriage with Ingeborg, married Agnes, daughter of Bertold IV, Duke of Maran. Philip Augustus died July 14, 1223.
After the treaty of Azay, July 4, 1189, when Henry II of England was forced to surrender the territories of Gracy and Issoudin, Henry died two days later. He was succeeded by Richard I, Coeur de Lion, and he and Philip Augustus renewed pledges of mutual good faith and fellowship on Dec. 30, 1189, and they both prepared to go on the Crusade, after the news that Saladin had taken Jerusalem. On the way to Palestine the two Kings quarreled. At the siege of Acre Philip fell ill, and on the 22nd of July, nine days after its fall, he announced his intention of returning home. The Third Crusade was spiritually inferior to the first, as it was a lay crusade instead of being started by a Pope. Yet it must be admitted that the idea of a spiritual regeneration accompanied the crusading movement of 1188. Europe had sinned against God; otherwise Jerusalem would never have fallen. But what the Third Crusade showed most clearly was that the crusading movement was being lost to the Papacy, and becoming part of the demense of the secular state, and the state would take up the name of Crusade in order to cover its objects and ambitions.
[Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith]
© 1995-2001, Saul M. Montes-Bradley